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Correio newspaper | Brics declaration calls for UN reform and projects new global order

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Brics declaration calls for UN reform and projects new global order

Document reaffirms intention to expand group organization

  • Photo by the author Agência Brasil

Published on October 23, 2024 at 4:52 pm

Flags of BRICS member countries

Flags of BRICS member countries Credit: Disclosure

The official declaration of the 16th BRICS summit, published this Wednesday (23), reinforces the need for reform of international organizations, especially the United Nations Security Council (UN) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), with the aim of expand the power and voice of least developed countries.

Furthermore, the document projects the construction of a new multipolar world order, that is, based on several centers of power.

The joint declaration emphasizes the need to promote a multipolar world. “Multipolarity can expand opportunities in developing countries and emerging markets to unlock their constructive potential, ensuring benefits for all,” says the document.

The BRICS countries call for reforms in global governance that reflect the new international economic and geopolitical reality. “We call for reform of the Bretton Woods institutions, including expanding the representation of developing countries and emerging states in leadership positions to reflect their contribution to the global economy,” the group states.

At the meeting held between member countries, this Wednesday (23), with the participation via video conference of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Chinese President Xi Jinping reinforced the need to expand cooperation between countries in the Global South and the reform of international institutions.

“The pace of global governance reform has been out of step with rapid changes in the international balance of power,” Xi said, adding that the summit “will establish clear guidelines for cooperation among the BRICS and open a new chapter for unity and interaction in the Global South”.

The Global South is the term used to refer to poor or emerging countries that, for the most part, are located in the Southern Hemisphere of the planet.

For the coordinator of the Brics Study Group at the University of São Paulo (USP), Paulo Borba Casella, the Kazan Declaration is innovative in mentioning the expansion of the bloc, which should have new associated members. Furthermore, he adds that the construction of a multipolar world still needs to be organized.

“Having a multipolar world can make sense when we see the partiality of the United States and Western powers, especially in relation to Israel. The question is how do you intend to see the BRICS Plus countries organized? The idea could be good, it will depend on how they propose this to be organized”, he commented.

The Kazan Declaration states the intention to expand the BRICS organization. “The expansion of the BRICS partnership with developing countries and emerging markets will continue to promote the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation”, say the member countries.

The document also reinforces the need for financing and trade mechanisms in local currencies, as a way to escape dependence on the dollar. “We encourage the use of national currencies when carrying out financial transactions between BRICS countries and their trading partners.”

The text addresses the main conflicts taking place in the world today, from Ukraine to Lebanon, including Sudan and Palestine. Regarding the war in the Gaza Strip, the group expresses concern about the new escalation of the conflict in the enclave, calls for an immediate ceasefire and the immediate release of both Israeli and Palestinian hostages, in addition to condemning the forced displacement of civilians and attacks against humanitarian facilities and civilian infrastructure.

“We confirm our support for the admission of the State of Palestine as a full member of the UN in the context of an unwavering commitment to the concept of two-state coexistence based on international law,” the document says.

The Kazan Declaration also expresses concern about the situation in Lebanon. “We condemn the deaths of civilians and the enormous damage caused to civilian infrastructure as a result of Israeli attacks on civilian areas of Lebanon, we call for an immediate end to the war,” say the countries, calling Israel’s attack using pagers in Lebanon terrorism.

“We condemn the planned terrorist attack to undermine portable communications devices in Beirut on September 17, 2024, which killed and injured dozens of civilians. We declare that such attacks constitute a serious violation of international law”, they state.

Regarding the war in Ukraine, which began with the Russian invasion in February 2022, the Declaration says that all states involved must act in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter. “We are pleased to note appropriate offers of mediation and good offices, designed to ensure a peaceful resolution of the conflict through dialogue and diplomacy”, they state.

The official declaration of the 16th BRICS summit also harshly criticizes the economic sanctions applied unilaterally by Western powers against countries. Currently, Venezuela, Russia, Iran, Cuba and China suffer from economic sanctions mainly from the United States (USA).

For USP professor of international law, Paulo Borba Casella, the Declaration omits that part of these sanctions is the result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. “They make a big deal of saying that the sanctions are abusive and should not be adopted, but they forget to say why the sanctions exist”, he commented.

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